Speaking In Tongues

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, . , , : , , 1. ( ) , , .., , , , (1978): , , .2
, , - . , ( , 1970 ), (, 1971), ( , 1973), , ( ,1974 )3 ..
, , : (metafiction)4, . , , , (a selebration of all literature and life), 5.
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, 4- (Things), , , : Henry and Callie came out on the porch to watch him down the driveway. Callie was holding the baby..., and Henry was close beside her, a little behind her, like a balding upright bear with one paw on her shoulder, waving too. The dog was at her other side... And beyond that there was the light in the living room windows, giving figures on the porch a kind of aura, their faces not as light as their outlines16. : , , , : It was all like a picture for a life ensurance ad in "The Saturday Evening Post". He could envy them17. , , , .
, , , , , : The world had changed for Henry Soames because little by little he had come to see it less as yarn told after dinner... and more as a kind of chirch service communion, say, or a wedding... It began, perhape, with his thoughts of what marrying Callie had done to him, if she'd made him into her own image it was nevertheless her own image discovered in him: Henry Soames as he might, through her, become... He felt like a man who'd been born again, made into something entirely new, and the idea... had startled him.18
, , , , , ˸. ˸, , : , , ...19 , , ˸ , : , , , , , , , !20
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, , (October Light, 1976).
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, (.2), , , . , , : 24. : So he'd loaded the shotgun while the old woman, his sister, sat stupidly grinning into the flickering light... and without a word of warning he'd blown that TV screen to hell, right back where it came from... The old woman, his sister, ...was up there in the bedroom furiously pacing, locked in the bedroom by her brother's hand...25.
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, . : , ( , ), , , , ; , . . , (, , , ) , . , , , . , , , . , , , , , , -: He moved ... over to the bookshelf to the left of the fireplace and bent down and drew out the albums. He opened the oldest of them... opened it hungrily... Tears streemed down the old man's face, though what he felt didn't even seem sorrow, seemed merely knowledge, knowledge of all from inside26. , , , , , , . , , , ˸ , : , ; .
, 200- , , , , 27 , , . 70-90- : , 70- , , " ".28
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1. Carver R. Foreword.// Gardner J. On Becoming A Novelist. N.Y., 1983.P.XV.
2. Gardner J.C. On Moral Fiction. New York, 1978. P.5-6.
3. .: Morris G.L. The World Of Order And Light. The Fiction Of John Gardner.The University of Georgia Press, Athens, 1984. P.21,22.
Cowart D. Arches And Light. The Fiction Of John Gardner. Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale and Edwardsville, 1983. P.118.
Coale S. Into The Farther Darkness: The Manichean Pastoralism Of John Gardner.// John Gardner: Critical Perspectives. Ed. by R.A. Morace and K.Van Spaackeren. Southern Illinois Univ. Press. Carbondale & Edwardsville,1982. P.137,138.
4. Rapkin A. John Gardner's Novels: Post-Modern Structures In The Service Of Moral Fiction. //John Gardner: True Art, Moral Art. Living Authors Series, # 5. Pan American University, Edinburgh, 1983. P.11.
5. Gardner J. The King's Indian: Stories And Tales. N.Y.,1976. P.346.
6. . . . .,1984. .52;
... . .,1978. .233 - 237; .. .// XIX-XX .. , 1986. .228. .
7. : Morris G.L. Op.cit., P.21,22; Cowart D. Op.cit. P. 118;
Butts L. The Novels Of John Gardner: Making Life Art As A Moral Process. Louisiana State University Press. Baton Rouge, 1988. P.78.
8. Woiwode L. Mickelsson's Ghosts: Gardner's Memorial In Real Time. Manuscripts. 1984 Fall, v.IV,(1,2).. P.315-316.
9. Gardner J. Learning From Disney And Dickens. The New York Times Book Review. January 30, 1982. P.22.
10. .: .., .. .52.
11. Morris G.L., op.cit.P.21,22.
12. Gardner J.C. On Moral Fiction. P.144.
13. Gardner J.C. The Art Of Fiction. New York, 1984. P.191.
Gardner J.C. Interviewed by Joe David Bellamy and Pat Ensworth// Bellamy J. D. The New Fiction: Interviews with Innovative Writers. University of Illinois Press, 1975. P.182,183.
14. Mitcham J. and Richard W. An Interview with John Gardner. New Orleans Review, V.8,Number 1,Winter,1981. P.131-132.
15. .: .. ,.. .228.
16. Gardner J.C. Nickel Mountain. P.125.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid. P.297.
19. .. . ... 90 ., .19.., 1935,.399.
20. .
21. C: . .// . . .1979; Morris G., op.cit.; Cowart D., op.cit.
22. VanSpanckeren K. New Fiction, Popular Fiction.//John Gardner.Critical Perspectives, op.cit. P.137.
23. . . " ",1878,4..785.
24. .. . ... 90 ., .18. .,1934..3.
25. Gardner J.C. October Light. New York, 1978. P.2,4.
26. Ibid. P.491,493
27. . " " ... ., 1978. .11.
28. .. . ., 1986. .112.
29. Gardner J.C. On Moral Fiction. P.25,26.
30. Ibid.
31. .. ? 90 .,.30. .,1951. .194.